Clay Pipe Engineering Manual

Chapter 11, Appendix

Applicable Standards

Discharge from Triangular Notch Weirs

Velocity Heads

Hydraulic Properties of Clay Pipe at Design Depth

Hydraulic Properties of Circular Sewers

Metric Units and Symbols

Conversion Table (inches to feet in hundredths)

Conversion Factors (General)

Radius of Curvature and Angle of Deflection for Curvilinear Sewers

Perforated Clay Pipe

Index

Applicable Standards

ASTM C 12 Standard Practice for Installing Vitrified Clay Pipe Lines

ASTM C 301 Standard Test Methods for Vitrified Clay Pipe

ASTM C 425 Standard Specification for Compression Joints for Vitrified Clay Pipe and Fittings

ASTM C 700 Standard Specification for Vitrified Clay Pipe, Extra Strength, Standard Strength and Perforated

ASTM C 828 Standard Test Method for Low-Pressure Air Test of Vitrified Clay Pipe Lines

ASTM C 896 Standard Definitions of Terms Relating to Clay Products

ASTM C 1091 Standard Test Method for Hydrostatic Infiltration and Exfiltration

Testing of Vitrified Clay Pipe Lines

ASTM C 1208 Standard Specification for Vitrified Clay Pipe and Joints for Use in Jacking, Sliplining, and Tunnels

INDEX

Abrasion resistance 6, 19, 46

Acceptance testing 104

Acid formation 30

Air testing 106

Appendix 110

ASTM standards 46, 110

Backfill 57

compaction 93

final 93

frictional forces 35

initial 93

materials 93

weights of, example 55

Bedding 48

bell or coupling holes 47

classes 50

design strength developed 46

general guidelines 48

load factors 48

materials 47

shovel-slicing 47

Building sewer and house connections 108

Clay 5

characteristics 6

Clay pipe (See Vitrified clay pipe)

Cleanout structure 101

Compaction, trench backfill 93

mechanical 94

water 94

Compression joint 12, 92

Computerized trench load design 59

Computation diagram for loads 37

Concentrated loads 38

Concrete 55, 57

arch and cradle 53

encasement 54

Construction 88

special structures 99

Controlled density fill 55

Conversion factors 114, 115

Conveyance factors 28, 29

Corrosion 30

aggressive soils 32

resistance 30

Corrosive soils 32

Curvilinear sewers 117

Design flow 11

Design period 10

Design, rigid conduit 33

Dewatering 96

Distributed loads 41

Drainage area 10

Drop manhole 100

Dynamic loads (Impact Factors) 41

Embankment versus trench load 38

Encasement 95

Energy gradient 18

Excavation, trench 88

Extraneous flows 12

Factor of safety, design 44, 56

Field supporting strength 49

Final backfill 93

Flow estimating 15, 16

Flow monitoring and summations 13

Foundation 95

Geotextiles 97

Gradeliner 92

Gravity sewer design 10

Haunch area 93

House connection 108

Hydraulic design 18

calculating flow 18

calculator 28

design requirements 19

flow characteristics chart 18

hydraulic profile 18, 19

hydraulic properties 113, 114

Manning equations 22

Manning "n" graphs 24

sewer sizing 20

typical profile 21

velocity and discharge charts 24

velocity and quantity 22

Hydrogen sulfide 30

Impact factor 41

Imported bedding 47

Index 118

Industrial waste 6, 93

flow allowance 13

Infiltration - Inflow 12

Infiltration/exfiltration test 104

Initial backfill 93

Inspection andInspector 103

Jointing 12

Land use coefficients 13

Laser beam 93, 103

Lateral sewers 108

Load

coefficient, C_d 37

coefficient, C_s 40

concentrated 38

design load versus actual load 44

distributed 41

effect of trench width 41

embankment 38

sample problems 55

superimposed 38

trench load tables 59

Load factor 48

Class D, C, B, CS, CDF and A 50

diagrams 51

Manhole 99

drop 100

typical details 99

Manning coefficient 23

Manning equations 22

Marston equation, rigid pipe 34

Measuring flow in sewers 101

Mechanical compaction 94

Metric units and symbols 114

Microtunneling 99

Native bedding 47

NCPI (National Clay Pipe Institute) 9

n-factor 23

coefficient 23

discussion on values 23

for Manning equation, chart 24

variable with depth, chart 113

Peak factors 11, 17

Perforated Pipe 117

Piling 96

Pipe joining 92

Pipe laying 91

Planning, sewer 91

Population, estimates 11

Quantity, estimating sewage 11

Quantity equation 22

Rigid conduit 33

design 44

structural analysis 33

Root penetration 12

Roughness coefficient 23

Sample load calculations 55

Sample flow estimating 101

Sample land use map 14

Service connection 98

Sewer

above ground 101

acid formation 30

alignment 47

bedding 47

cleaning equipment 101

construction 88

curved 117

design flows 11, 19

commercial 13

domestic (residential) 13

industrial 13

minimum - maximum 19

peak 11

design period 10

energy gradient 18

flow measurement 13

hydraulic gradient 18

jointing 92

layout 21

line and grade 92

longevity 8

one-hundred years old 8

service connections 98

sizing 20

sulfide generation 30

supporting strength 46

testing 46

three-edge bearing strength 46

trench excavation 88

trench sheeting 88

velocities, limiting 19

weirs 101, 111

Sheeting 88

Shovel-slicing 47

Sieve analysis 48

Structural design 44

Superimposed loads 38

Supporting strength, sewer 49

Table of contents 3

Testing 103

Three-edge bearing strength 49, 50

Transition width 38, 60

Trench

backfilling 93

bottom preparation 91

box 45, 88

compaction 93

cross section 93

foundation 95, 96

load equation 36

load tables 59

safety shield 90

sheeting, effect of removal 89

walls, effect of sloping 45, 88

width, effect on load 41

Trench excavation 108

Trench load tables 42, 59

Trench load equations 34

Trench versus embankment load 38

Uniform flow 18

Unstable foundation 95

Velocity 19

head, chart 112

limits in sewers 19

self-cleansing 19

Velocity equation 22

Velocity variations chart 22

Vitrification 5

Vitrified clay pipe 5

advantages 6

an engineering material 5

characteristics 6

hydraulic properties chart 112, 113

jointing 92

manufacture 6, 7

physical properties 46

specifications and standards 110

Water compaction 94

Weirs 102, 111

discharge charts 111

flow measurements 101

Wellpoints 97

Wheel loads 40

NCPI Engineering Manual

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